Some are, indeed, the result of people pondering and crafting language, such as some by Confucius, Plato, Baltasar Gracián, etc. "Who will bell the cat?", comes from the end of a story. There are also language communities that combine proverbs and riddles in some sayings, leading some scholars to create the label "proverb riddles". Among the Balochi of Pakistan and Afghanistan, there is a word batal for ordinary proverbs and bassīttuks for "proverbs with background stories". The first relates to historical events, the second relates to current events, and the third was "linguistic ornamentation in formal discourse". Among the Bini of Nigeria, there are three words that are used to translate "proverb": ere, ivbe, and itan. In the Chumburung language of Ghana, " aŋase are literal proverbs and akpare are metaphoric ones". In other languages and cultures, the definition of "proverb" also differs from English. The changing of the definition of "proverb" is also noted in Turkish. For example, the following was labeled "A Yorkshire proverb" in 1883, but would not be categorized as a proverb by most today, "as throng as Throp's wife when she hanged herself with a dish-cloth". Alan Dundes, however, rejects including such sayings among truly proverbs: "Are weather proverbs proverbs? I would say emphatically 'No!'" The definition of "proverb" has also changed over the years. There are many sayings in English that are commonly referred to as "proverbs", such as weather sayings. proverbial phrases, Wellerisms, maxims, quotations, and proverbial comparisons." Based on Persian proverbs, Zolfaghari and Ameri propose the following definition: "A proverb is a short sentence, which is well-known and at times rhythmic, including advice, sage themes and ethnic experiences, comprising simile, metaphor or irony which is well-known among people for its fluent wording, clarity of expression, simplicity, expansiveness and generality and is used either with or without change." Prahlad distinguishes proverbs from some other, closely related types of sayings, "True proverbs must further be distinguished from other types of proverbial speech, e.g. Norrick created a table of distinctive features to distinguish proverbs from idioms, cliches, etc. More constructively, Mieder has proposed the following definition, "A proverb is a short, generally known sentence of the folk which contains wisdom, truth, morals, and traditional views in a metaphorical, fixed, and memorizable form and which is handed down from generation to generation". Hence no definition will enable us to identify positively a sentence as proverbial," many students of proverbs have attempted to itemize their essential characteristics. An incommunicable quality tells us this sentence is proverbial and that one is not. 1850) observed poetically that a "proverb is the wit of one, and the wisdom of many." But giving the word "proverb" the sort of definition theorists need has proven to be a difficult task, and although scholars often quote Archer Taylor's argument that formulating a scientific "definition of a proverb is too difficult to repay the undertaking. 9.3 Noteworthy proverb scholars (paremiologists and paremiographers).However, almost every culture has its own unique proverbs. Not all Biblical proverbs, however, were distributed to the same extent: one scholar has gathered evidence to show that cultures in which the Bible is the major spiritual book contain "between three hundred and five hundred proverbs that stem from the Bible," whereas another shows that, of the 106 most common and widespread proverbs across Europe, 11 are from the Bible. In the West, the Bible (including, but not limited to the Book of Proverbs) and medieval Latin (aided by the work of Erasmus) have played a considerable role in distributing proverbs. Some proverbs exist in more than one language because people borrow them from languages and cultures with which they are in contact. Collectively, they form a genre of folklore.
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Proverbs are often metaphorical and use formulaic language. ( January 2022) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Ī proverb (from Latin: proverbium) is a simple and insightful, traditional saying that expresses a perceived truth based on common sense or experience.
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